The #Bible’s New Testament: The Book of James – Do Good Works and Don’t Judge: “Who Are You to Judge Your Neighbor”?

When the 266th Pope was elected, I was not ones of those people clogging the Vatican’s streets or even ones of those glued to a television in this country.  When I backpacked through Europe in the summer of 1998, I visited St. Peter’s, marveled at the grandeur of that building and swooned over the beauty of Michelangelo’s Pieta. But my warm feelings ended there.  The Pope—whoever inhabited the role—was always remote to me, in part because he usually took the hard line with faith (predictably), even advocating against use of contraception and other issues that affected people’s health.

When I came out of the closet, this feeling was deepened when so many of them have expressed anti-gay stances.  Now I had multiple reasons to dislike or flat-out ignore anything to do with the pope.

So when the new one replaced the one who had only lasted a few years, I yawned.

And then he began his work in the world and, of course, the press followed.  And when he opened his mouth, strange things came out, like a comment he made in July of this year: “If someone is gay and he searches for the Lord and has good will,” he said, “who am I to judge?” (You can read about many more of the wonderful things he’s done, including earning Sarah Palin’s label of being “liberal”: http://bit.ly/17weXk4)

This is someone I can get behind, for he seems to have a generous view of the teaching he is in charge of.

Perhaps among the man books of the Bible with which Pope Francis is familiar, one in particular has inspired his outlook: the Book of James.  James hits a lot of same high points that Paul stressed to his audience, though James does so with a little more directness.  He has a lot to say, and most of it is rather interesting: embrace trials, for these result in good qualities, like perseverance (1:2-3); treat the rich and poor equally (2:1); and mercy triumphs over judgment (2:13).

James is actually preoccupied with judgment in several places.  For one, he feels that teachers will be judged more strictly than others (by God, presumably) (3:1). Which I assume means they need to be extra diligent in what they teach and how they comport themselves in life. He also states that those who judge actual speak against God’s law and in so doing, they judge the law (4:11).  The line here suggests that God doesn’t need anyone’s help in this department, which is why James asks, “who are you to judge your neighbor”?

And just when you think he’s on to something solid, he offers this nugget: “whoever turns a sinner from the error of his way will save him from death and cover over a multitude of sins” (5:20). I appreciate the impulse—the idea seems rooted in caring about your peers—however, something important escapes James here: how can you point out a person’s faults (the error to which he refers) without judging?

So although James seems to be offering a contradictory message—and this is really what a number of religious people have seemingly adopted—many haven’t, choosing instead the stance that involves less judgment and more compassion, understanding.  Thankfully, with Pope Francis leading the Catholic Church, this is the message that will catch on in greater numbers. And hopefully this will at least cause people like me—who don’t identify as religious—to at least develop more respect for those who are and the faith they practice, regardless of the denomination.

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The #Bible’s New Testament: The Book of Hebrews – Jesus Made Everything Better (A Hard Sell to Faithful Jews)

My laptop is four years old, and although that’s ancient in terms of our current concept of technology (computers specifically), I’ve been reluctant to replace it. I’m not just holding out until I can really afford it; I’m holding back because my current operating system—Windows 7—works well, I know it inside and out, and I have yet to hear something positive about Windows 8. Although one can still get a new computer with the old Windows, who wants to pay top dollar for yesterday’s technology? Sure, most new operating systems have a bug or two—or 100—but I’m just not sold on why they updated something that worked really well.

Just to create something new, flashy, and more expensive, I guess. Although if I asked a rep at Best Buy, I’m sure she or he would sell me on the pros of 8, trying to convince me how great it is—or will be. The new interface is better, more convenient; everything is quicker, more efficient. Maybe I’m just cynical, but I doubt they would tell me differently—why talk someone out of a sale?

The unknown author of the Book of Hebrews is also making a hard sell to Jewish people in order to convince them that Christianity is really just an improved form of their faith—Jesus made everything better, he’s essentially arguing. He doesn’t just want them to take his word for it either. He breaks a lot down in his argument.

He begins by making a strong case for what Jesus pulled off in his life—what he endured and why he did it. (If you’ve read the four gospels, you know what this entails.) In fact, everything that he did he did better than anyone that came before.  Lest anyone be confused, the author makes clear that if you thought Moses was good, Jesus is in fact better (3:5-6). The best lesson here?: learn from all those people who made the mistake of doubting (i.e. hardening their hearts against God) and embrace the faith (3:16-17).

But if what you currently follow works well, why upgrade? Turns out, only those who follow the gospel—Jesus’ version—will enter heaven (4:1). For those religiously inclined, this seemed to get their attention. But if they were still unconvinced, the author presses forward by showing just how much better things are under Jesus: he improved the ability to have a personal relationship with God (7:22), he received better instructions than Moses ever did—perhaps referring to the 10 Commandments? (8:5-6), and he revised the criteria of the Tabernacle (9:10).

And here is where things get interesting.

To make people feel better about this long-standing set of rituals/beliefs, the author makes clear that the old directions (those in the Old Testament) were good—specifically, they make sense for the ancient times in which they were created. Now, however, we have a new set, ones that have been modernized (9:10).  He explains this further about why animal sacrifice is obsolete; Jesus shed all the blood for us we’ll ever need.

So what about this particular part of the argument is interesting?

The author states clearly that old rules made sense in a particular context—the Old Testament era—but modern ways of living had rendered them obsolete. Jesus, basically, showed us how we can evolve what is deemed necessary. Makes sense, so why isn’t this used to address anyone using Old Testament ideas to justify gay bigotry?

But that’s not the only issue here. Why should these people accept what the author argues? Like so many of the important figures in the Old Testament—the ones who created great examples which people should follow—people should have faith. They should trust that things change and they can embrace the changes God makes possible. Makes sense.

And for those who like some of the judgmental language contained in the Old Testament, not to worry: the author still clarifies that discipline is important, that sexual immorality should be avoided, strangers (and even prisoners) should be respected, and the “marriage bed should be kept pure” (13:4). In the end, leave the judging to God though, for the sinners, specifically the adulterers and the sexually immoral will be judged later (13:4).

Given all this, it’s a wonder more people didn’t want to embrace this new religion: it seems to have all the parts people have embraced without all the tedious components—what can’t I eat?—that would make life cumbersome.  An even better question: why have so many of these laws/ideas endured without further updating? But maybe that’s why Christianity has so many different versions, ones that have created a set of outlooks that better reflect modern times.  Still, I do get why some people remained reticent. Perhaps they were wise enough to wait to see how this new Christianity thing worked out. Give it time, let them work the bugs out, and then I’ll consider it.

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The Bible’s New Testament: Book of Philemon: Paul Finally Stands up for a Slave

I have a deep appreciation for film. To maintain this appreciation I seek out as many noteworthy films in any given year as possible—soaking in the skilled performances, deft scripts, use of camera. This adds to my film knowledge, which I then weave into my own writings tools. To maximize my time (who can see EVERY film worthy), I often rely on buzz: what films must one see. One of the films this year was Steve McQueen’s 12 Years a Slave.

Based on a true story, the film explores the harrowing experience of a talented African American musician who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in the deep south. During his 12 years of captivity, he endures a litany of soul-crushing experiences. For this reason, this graphic film is very difficult to watch, in part because of how long the camera lingers on the torture scenes: we are compelled to not only watch but also study the brutality.

Of the many questions that will linger after leaving the theater, one that stands out (as it often has when exploring stories from this era in US history): how in the world did people allow this practice to go on? Perhaps even more troubling for me: Solomon Northup’s two slave owners are both men of “deep faith” who often quote the Bible.

For much of the New Testament, I have felt the same thing about Paul’s repeated advice about convincing slaves during that era to embrace their situation and respect their masters. How could a religion that espouses so many positive beliefs possibly condone such a barbaric practice—even if being a slave then was “not as bad” as what African Americans experienced in this country?

Philemon finally conveys Paul’s taking a positive stand on the issue of slavery, though sadly, it’s an isolated case—he wants one runaway slave to be welcomed back by his master as an equal.

Addressing his friend Philemon, Paul first butters the man up with flattery about how good of a person he is (1:6-7). Then, he announces his purpose: your runaway slave, Onesimus, came to me, found Christ, and now I am sending him back to you a better man (1:10-11). Please accept him as an equal, not as a slave. Also a subtext: don’t punish him. Paul is also clever to couch this purpose in a suggestion, not an order (8). He even suggests that Onesimus was merely “separated” (1:15) from his master for a little while (downplaying the whole running away issue).

Given how serious it was for a slave to run away and risk capture, Onesimus was taking his life in his hands. Knowing this, Paul appeals to Philemon’s humanity and Christianity to ensure Onesimus is not only unharmed but also welcomed back. I recognize that Paul was taking a big chance, but given the amount of chances he and others took—often standing up for what they—and Jesus—understood to be right, it’s shocking that this did not happen more often. If it had, I’m assuming there would be more records of it.

Although I was glad to read this account, it also saddened me because of how isolated this action appears in the Bible.  So often, these books convey worthwhile lessons yet this atrocity appears so often without any attention (or at least not the right kind of attention, even given the era). If anything, it’s a reminder of what Paul (and others) could have done more often, much in the way that McQueen’s film is a brutal reminder of what never to do (or let happen) again.

Up Next: The Book of Hebrews–which is strange, because isn’t most of the Bible about them?

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