The #Bible’s New Testament: The Book of Philippians: A Warm Letter to Friends

After a hectic day, especially in the fall, when the weather is turning cold, the sun setting earlier and earlier, I really need something to unwind.  This is also the time when students are starting to stress about their final portfolios (and transferring stress to me).  I unwind on my couch with a nice cup of hot tea.  There’s something soothing about holding that hot ceramic mug that instantly relaxes me. I know I sound like some cheesy commercial, but it’s true. I can pretend that all the hectic things from my day are now in the past and I can unwind a bit as I blow my tea cool to the point I can actually drink it.

The Book of Philippians reads like Paul’s cup of hot tea.

After some of the preachy moments in previous books, I was relieved to reach Philippians (a rather short book), which Paul uses to reach out to the citizens of Philippa as he is jailed in Rome. Lest his audience be worried, he assures them that being imprisoned will not quench his religious conviction; on the contrary, he feels it has advanced the gospel (1:7, 12).

There’s little here that is not covered (or at least alluded to) elsewhere. But what’s notable about this book of the Bible is how positive it sounds throughout.

If people are looking for a concise representation of the impression Jesus made on his followers, this book offers a nice glimpse. Absent are the rules discussed elsewhere—no extended discussions about sin or divorce or immorality, etc.; here, instead, is a discussion of the spirit of Christianity and how its followers should devote more time to the interests of others (i.e. care about the people around them) (2:4). There’s a bit of emphasis on the afterlife—Paul is looking forward to spending time with Jesus in Heaven (1:23) and evil people spend too much time thinking about earthly pleasures (3:19).

Still, these moments don’t feel heavy handed—as they could have been.  You know, that you need to embrace pain, tragedy, etc. all so you can reap the rewards in heaven. Rather, unlike previous books, Paul comes across as sharing rather than dictating, and this is refreshing.

This is the type of book you would want to drink in again and again, and perhaps if more were as positive, more people who have avoided the Bible would find something to embrace and not maintain such a cynical impression of it.

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The #Bible’s New Testament: The Book of Ephesians I – The Best Summing up of Christianity?

I was in San Diego recently, where I entered a conversation about music with some friends.  One of my friends (let’s call him Tom) has seen Dépêche Mode 84 times—yes, 84. How could he not be an authority, right? So Tom was asked which album of theirs was his favorite.   Music for the Masses. This choice wasn’t a complete shock, but one of us (let’s call him Simon) was surprised, in part because Tom’s favorite songs are not on there. So why the choice? That album, Tom said, does a great job representing the band (for him). It also represents a complete work from start to finish.

Everyone has his or her own criteria about what best represents something they care about.  Apparently the Book of Ephesians, which is another one of Paul’s letters to the residents of a city, is considered a “summing up” book of the Bible: everything you need to know about Christianity in one tight book. Apparently, if you need to know what’s in the Bible, start with this book. True, there is a lot here that consolidates Christianity’s “main ideas”; however, there’s an odd tenor to some of Paul’s points. Given this, Ephesians seems like an odd choice to represent this religion.

Paul covers similar ground as earlier books, by mentioning how special Christians are to have been chosen by God (1:4) and how Christ unified people, etc. But then he qualifies his relationship to Jesus and God: he considers himself a “prisoner” (3:1; 4:1).

To be devoted is one thing—you choose to embrace the faith, right? Calling someone a prisoner, however, suggests that you had no choice; that you are there against your will. Is this really how Paul sees himself—and perhaps other Christians? This is just like telling someone who is about to get married that marriage is great, you’re chained to your spouse for the rest of your life and have no hope of getting away. Ever.

But perhaps this feeling of imprisonment is apt, for again he revisits a tiresome point: sexual immorality.  Yet Paul’s discussion of this issue should give pause to those who use this book as evidence of what should and should not be allowed in society—I’m alluding here, of course, to anti-homosexuality thoughts. Here, Paul equates sexual immorality with being as bad as obscenity, foolish talk and coarse joking (5:4).  He also cautions people to not get drunk on wine, as this creates a gateway to debauchery (which is, of course, bad) (5:18).

So again, if sexual immorality should not be tolerated, we should also cut everything else, which suggests that our First Amendment should be curtailed in the name of Christianity. We should also re-evaluate other aspects of our social conventions.  Several people have used the idea that marriage is meant to be between one man and one woman, as evidence by the line that a man leaves his parents when he is going to wed a woman (5:31).

But if you examine what is involved in this concept, it suggests that the only reason a person would move from his parent’s house is due to marriage. Do all the people who believe the anti-gay marriage line so deeply that they want to curtail their children moving out of their parent’s house? There’s no mention of leaving for college here either—which usually creates the first opportunity for kids to live on their own—so we should also get rid of that, too, right?

But perhaps the most troubling point comes in the last chapter: slaves, you need to obey your masters (6:5). Specifically, you need to serve your master as if you were serving god (6:7). And for this, naturally, god will reward you.

Sure, I get that this addresses a way to maintain the slave system favored at the time, but slaves should be happy about their situation? Do people really want to go back to this way of treating other human beings? I doubt it. So why adhere to the sexual immorality issue without the slavery issue? Clearly, we’ve grown past this in society—or at least we should have.

Everyone is entitled to his or her own impression of what represents the “best” of something. The great thing about music is that your taste dictates your own choice.  The problem would be if you determined for everyone what that best should be—and by extension how another person is supposed to live their lives according to your choice.  When people use the Bible to restrict the lives of others, this is what they are doing, whether they realize it or not.

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The #Bible’s New Testament –The Book of Galatians – Faith Versus Observance of “The Law”

Like most kids, I was subject to my parents’ rules.  Even if these didn’t make sense, tough. When I grew up and paid my own way, I could do things differently. Perhaps when I had reached this point my parents had hoped that I had learned enough so that I would make sensible decisions. In this sense, turning 18 served as a door through which I would walk—everything I had learned up to that point lead me to said door.

In Galatians, Paul covers little ground he has not covered before in other books.  One thing that he stresses, however, is that the Galatians should follow belief, not law (3:2).  This doesn’t mean break society’s laws; no, he means shrug off that needless adherence to all those things put down in the Old Testament.  Instead, people should follow Jesus’ example. Why? For one, because the law is not based on faith (3:12) and two, Jesus redeemed all those pesky Old Testament “curses” (3:13). Yet he doesn’t suggest these old laws were useless, as they were (apparently) designed to lead people to Jesus (3:16-17).

Given how few “laws” Jesus laid down, this makes life so much easier for people, and, to be honest, I am shocked this is not trotted out more often to show that people were able to put the Old Testament in context: we’ve gown past it. Therefore, when it’s used to support gay bigotry, for example, people clearly have not read the book they’re using for support.  If they had, Galatians would clarify that they should, in fact, not be paying such close attention to the “rules” in the Old Testament.

But before I could applaud Paul’s stance on things, I read further.  He doesn’t advocate complete freedom with regard to behavior.  Lest you take his word for it that the laws of the Old Testament are outdated, he provides a list of “obvious” things to avoid now: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery; idolatry and witchcraft; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, dissensions, factions, and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like (5:19-21). People who engage in anything off this list will not reach heaven, according to him.

Aside from this list not boding well for anyone in our current Congress, this sure seems like it repeats the very Old Testament laws which are to be ignored.

But contradiction aside, is this list—as written—really something to follow today? Sexual immorality is far too vague to apply to something specific—various books of the Bible apply this to everything from homosexuality, sleeping with your father’s wife, orgies, to any sex outside the context of marriage. And how about a definition of sex? Are we referring only to acts that can lead to pregnancy? In terms of impurity and debauchery, what are we talking about?  Is this a cleanliness issue—in the literal sense—or a spiritual issue?

This is important, for one person’s debaucherous evening is another man’s boring Wednesday night.

Idolatry and witchcraft are pretty specific, but what about the emotions he lists? How does one always avoid discord? How could you? No dissension ever? And if drunkenness is as bad as sexual immorality—it’s in the same list, so it’s equated—then our country is in real trouble. As far as factions, would this encompass a political party? Sounds like so.

The point isn’t that these ideas aren’t useful in theory, but as Paul even mentions, people should use faith to govern their lives. This means that you should know what is correct for YOU and not some guideline to dictate what other people should be able to do. Jesus was more concerned about the quality of our character and how we treated others, especially those less fortunate.  This is the rule that stands out. This is also the type of thing my parents instilled in me.

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